Description of the subject. The territory of Uvira experiences cattle transhumance consisting of improved breeds (Sahiwal, Brown Swiss, Jersey, and Friesian) that produce a lot of milk per day, as well as local breeds (Ndama and Ankole) with low milk production. During the transhumance, transhumant herders coming from neighboring countries such as Burundi and Rwanda organize the trade of cattle and milk. This organized sale allows local farmers to buy improved male breeders used for crossbreeding with local breed cows.

Objective. This study aims to identify and analyze the socio-economic challenges of cattle transhumance among farming households in Uvira, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Methods. The survey was conducted using both qualitative and quantitative approaches following the 12-month method. Survey interview techniques and visits to cattle herds, cattle markets, milk, and meat were carried out in order to access reliable information for the study. Both closed and open-ended questions were posed to 50 survey units.

Results. Several economic activities created through migratory cattle farming are micro-enterprises run by farming households. They ensure self-employment for young people and women through entrepreneurial activities such as opening milk processing and marketing units (Mashanza), agro-pastoral cooperatives, meat butcheries, the processing of hides into nkulo (hide trimmings), and the training of cattle used in bovine traction and plowing of fields. Among these micro-enterprises, cattle transhumance appears to be the hub of economic activities. This is a locally scaled entrepreneurial cattle migration.

Conclusion. In the Uvira region, cattle transhumance carries socio-economic significance. It serves as a catalyst for employment for young people and women, providing them with substantial income that contributes to improving their socio-economic conditions. Therefore, it remains a flexible strategy for economic growth both at the territorial level and at the provincial and national levels.